The Book of Acoustics

8.0 Commercial applications

8.3 Education

The primary function of a classroom is to serve as a learning environment where students can receive instruction from their teacher, collaborate with one another, read, and work independently to complete tests and learning exercises. The ability to hear, understand, and focus is critical to the learning process.

Sounds from other students inside the classroom, building appliances like heating, ventilation or air conditioning systems, as well as sounds coming from outside the building like cars or lawnmowers or playgrounds impede students’ ability to hear and concentrate.

One study shows that for a child sitting in the fourth row of an average classroom, speech intelligibility is only 50%. Classrooms with poor acoustics not only have a negative impact on students’ ability to comprehend speech, but they also impact their ability to read, pay attention, concentrate and behave appropriately. These challenges amplify for students with learning disabilities or hearing impairments. Teachers suffer from poor acoustics too. Another study showed that 50% of teachers have suffered vocal damage from talking over classroom noise. Longterm noise exposure can also cause hearing damage and consequences from prolonged stress and job burnout.

Good classroom acoustics benefit everyone. Following improvements to classroom acoustics, teachers have reported higher student engagement and improved learning outcomes. In one study, on-task student behaviour in an acoustically treated classroom increased by 17%. In another study, teacher absence decreased from 15% to 2% post treatment.

Design strategies

  • If possible, during early stages of building design, add structural buffer zones between noisesensitive classrooms and areas prone to higher activity and noise levels.
  • Reduce reverberation in hallways and other adjacent rooms
  • Add soft and sound absorbing materials to the room such as rugs or carpets, fabric curtains, cork board and ceiling and wall panels.
  • Arrange desks at an angle around the room, rather than in rows.
  • Insulate doors, windows and noisy equipment with sound blocking material.
  • Replace noisy light fixtures.
  • Add soft tips or pads to the bottom of tables and chairs.
  • Add a speech-reflecting zone with reflective ceiling tiles above the area where the teacher normally stands to make it easier for their voice to reach all corners of the classroom without strain.
Space function:

Design goal:

Learning and concentration Reduce noise levels and increase listener and speaker comfort
Target reverberation time:

Maximum noise rating level:

0.5-0.9 NR 35
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The Book of Acoustics

This is a handbook for architects and interior designers who want to create acoustically beautiful spaces that make people feel happier, healthier and more productive.